🐾 10 Best Allergy-Friendly Cat Foods
Managing feline food allergies is less about finding “hypoallergenic” food and more about eliminating uncertainty—yet most guides miss that. From unexpected triggers in common LID diets to misleading “novel protein” claims, navigating cat food for allergies demands tactical strategy, not guesswork. Here’s what really matters, and 10 products that prove the point.
⚡ Quick Key Takeaways
- Is “grain-free” necessary for allergies? ❌ No—animal proteins cause >90% of feline food allergies.
- Do OTC LID foods work for diagnosis? ⚠️ Not reliably. They carry contamination risk.
- Is hydrolyzed protein always soy? 🤔 No—some use chicken or salmon, but all are enzymatically broken down.
- Can cats be allergic to fish oil? ✅ Yes—especially those with fish protein sensitivities.
- Are raw diets safe for allergies? 🧊 Only if single-source and free of bone or fillers.
🧩 1. “My cat’s food says ‘limited ingredient’—why is she still itchy?”
Because “limited” doesn’t mean “pure.” Most LID foods are manufactured on shared equipment, meaning trace amounts of allergens like chicken or fish may contaminate every bite—even if those ingredients aren’t listed.
🏷️ Label Term | 🧪 What It Really Means | ⚠️ Hidden Risk |
---|---|---|
“LID” | Fewer ingredients | Shared machinery contamination |
“Grain-free” | No wheat/corn/soy | Still contains peas, legumes |
“Single protein” | One meat in recipe | May still have fish oil, egg, gelatin |
💡 Tip: Look beyond labels—request manufacturer confirmation of ingredient integrity and production isolation.
🐟 2. “Is fish oil safe if my cat is allergic to fish?”
Not always. Fish oil contains residual proteins that can trigger reactions in fish-allergic cats. The degree of refinement matters—but most OTC diets do not purify oils to an allergen-free level.
🔍 Product Contains | 🐾 Safe for Fish Allergy? |
---|---|
Fish oil (standard) | ❌ Risk of protein traces |
Microfiltered fish oil | ⚠️ Safer but not guaranteed |
Algae-based omega-3s | ✅ Best alternative |
💡 Tip: Look for omega-3 from algae (DHA/EPA) or fish-free LID formulas like Merrick LID Turkey.
🐰 3. “Is rabbit always a ‘novel’ protein?”
Not if your cat’s been exposed before. Also, rabbit ≠ safe just because it’s rare. Allergic cross-reactivity may occur between rabbit and other mammals like pork or beef.
🐾 Protein Type | 🤔 Still Novel? | 🔁 Cross-Reactive Risk |
---|---|---|
Rabbit | Depends on history | Possible with pork/lamb |
Duck | Often overused | Cross-reactive with chicken |
Kangaroo | ✅ Truly novel | Rarely used—low cross risk |
💡 Tip: Always check your cat’s entire food history before choosing a novel protein.
🔬 4. “Can I use OTC LID food for a diagnosis?”
Only if you’re okay with a false negative. Prescription foods like Hill’s z/d or Royal Canin HP are made on dedicated lines, reducing contamination. Most OTC brands aren’t—and even a few molecules of chicken protein can trigger a reaction.
⚖️ Food Type | 🧪 Cross-Contamination Risk | 🩺 Suitable for Trial? |
---|---|---|
Prescription hydrolyzed | ✅ Near-zero | ✅ Gold standard |
OTC novel protein | ⚠️ Moderate–high | ❌ Not reliable |
💡 Tip: Use OTC foods only after diagnosis—not during an elimination trial.
🧼 5. “Can hydrolyzed soy cause allergies?”
Unlikely. Hydrolyzed soy proteins are broken into tiny fragments (below immune recognition size). But unhydrolyzed soy or soybean oil can still be problematic for some cats.
🧬 Soy Type | 🌡️ Allergenic Risk |
---|---|
Hydrolyzed soy | ✅ Safe |
Soy protein isolate | ⚠️ Low–moderate |
Whole soybeans | ❌ Risky |
💡 Tip: Hydrolyzed ≠ allergenic. Worry more about trace contamination than soy itself.
🍽️ 6. “Which allergy-friendly foods actually work?”
Here are 10 that strike a balance between clinical rigor, palatability, and practicality:
🥇 Brand/Product | 🐾 Protein Type | 💊 Clinical Use | 🌟 Standout Feature |
---|---|---|---|
Hill’s z/d | Hydrolyzed chicken | Diagnosis | High efficacy, gut + skin support |
Royal Canin HP | Hydrolyzed soy | Diagnosis | Top palatability among Rx diets |
Purina HA | Hydrolyzed soy/chicken | Diagnosis | Added urinary support (St/Ox) |
Blue Buffalo HF | Hydrolyzed salmon | Management | Fish-based hydrolyzed alternative |
Instinct LID Rabbit | Novel (rabbit) | Management | Freeze-dried raw coating, true LID |
Koha Rabbit Au Jus | Novel (rabbit) | Long-term use | 96% meat, minimal additives |
Stella & Chewy’s Rabbit | Raw novel protein | Maintenance | 98% meat, great for IBD/allergy |
Ziwi Peak Lamb | Novel (lamb) | Maintenance | Air-dried, low-carb, ethical sourcing |
Merrick LID Turkey | LID (no fish/chicken) | Maintenance | Fish-free; good for poultry allergies |
Go! Solutions Duck Pâté | LID (duck) | Mixed use | Recyclable packaging, clean formula |
💡 Tip: Choose based on palatability + protein exposure history—not brand prestige.
🧪 7. “How do I know if it’s an allergy or intolerance?”
Allergy = immune reaction (IgE-mediated). Itching, facial scratching, chronic ear issues. Intolerance = GI-based, non-immune. Vomiting, diarrhea, bloating.
🤒 Symptom Type | 🧠 Likely Cause | 🧪 Diagnostic Path |
---|---|---|
Chronic itching | Allergy | Elimination diet |
Occasional diarrhea | Intolerance | Ingredient sensitivity log |
Ear infections | Allergy (esp. food) | Diet + ear cytology |
💡 Tip: If steroids don’t work, it’s likely a food allergy. Steroids suppress environmental allergies better.
🚫 8. “What ingredients look innocent—but aren’t?”
These show up in “hypoallergenic” diets far too often:
🕵️♀️ Ingredient | ❌ Hidden Problem |
---|---|
Fish oil | Common allergen |
Chicken liver flavor | Triggers poultry-allergic cats |
Pea protein | Not a novel protein; often allergenic |
Egg yolk powder | Allergenic for egg-sensitive cats |
💡 Tip: Call or email the company for full sourcing and facility info. Transparency is crucial.
🧬 9. “Can cats develop new food allergies over time?”
Yes—and often do. Long-term exposure increases the chance of sensitization. That’s why rotational diets are gaining traction for prevention.
🔁 Feeding Strategy | 🛡️ Benefit |
---|---|
Rotating proteins (every 6–12 months) | Lowers sensitization risk |
Using LID + single protein foods | Easier to identify triggers |
Avoiding mixed animal proteins | Reduces cross-reactivity |
💡 Tip: Don’t switch too fast—but rotate smartly once a cat stabilizes.
💬 10. “What’s your emergency food plan if a brand is discontinued?”
Create a 3-tier backup strategy:
- Primary diet – Confirmed safe.
- Secondary diet – Alternate protein/type with high success rate.
- Emergency stock – Freeze 1–2 weeks of current food in small portions.
💡 Tip: Vet-prescribed hydrolyzed foods are rarely discontinued, while OTC formulas may change without notice.
✅ Summary: Best Uses for Allergy-Friendly Diet Types
🍽️ Diet Type | 🧪 Use Case | 🟢 Ideal For |
---|---|---|
Hydrolyzed (Rx only) | Diagnosis + multi-allergy | Cats with complex histories or IBD |
Novel Protein (Rx/OTC) | Single-protein trial | Cats with known meat allergies |
LID (OTC) | Maintenance post-diagnosis | Budget-friendly long-term management |
Raw Novel Protein | Gut support + palatability | Cats rejecting commercial diets |
FAQs
❓ Can cats be allergic to hydrolyzed proteins—even in prescription diets?
Technically, yes—but it’s exceedingly rare. Hydrolyzed proteins are enzymatically fragmented into peptides too small to be recognized by IgE antibodies. However, in cats with extreme hypersensitivity, even residual peptides may retain enough antigenic structure to elicit a reaction.
More often, reactions attributed to hydrolyzed diets are actually due to:
- Cross-contamination at the source (not from prescription brands, but in cheaper OTC diets labeled “hydrolyzed”)
- Flavorings or non-protein ingredients, like corn starch, glycerin, or even hydrolyzed yeast
🧪 Protein State | 🛡️ Immune Detection Risk | ⚠️ Comment |
---|---|---|
Whole proteins | ✅ High | Common allergens (chicken, fish, beef) |
Partially hydrolyzed | ⚠️ Moderate | OTC formulas or low-quality LIDs |
Fully hydrolyzed (Rx) | ❌ Minimal | Ideal for elimination trials |
💡 Expert Tip: If your cat reacts to a hydrolyzed formula, request a trial with a different hydrolyzed source (e.g., soy vs. chicken-based) or consider moving to an amino-acid elemental formulation under veterinary oversight.
❓ Why do some cats only react to dry food, but tolerate the same protein in wet form?
The difference lies in processing and ingredient architecture. Dry kibbles often require structural binders and cooking at extremely high temperatures—both of which alter protein structure and potentially expose reactive epitopes. Wet food is usually cooked gently and contains fewer starches, emulsifiers, or binders that could cause reactions.
🥣 Format | 🔬 Processing Impact | ⚠️ Risk Factors |
---|---|---|
Dry kibble | High-temp extrusion | Binding agents, flavor coatings |
Wet food | Steam-cooked/boiled | Fewer processed additives |
Raw/freeze-dried | Minimal processing | Requires pathogen management |
💡 Expert Tip: If symptoms appear with dry food but not wet, investigate non-protein culprits: synthetic preservatives (BHA/BHT), rice hulls, or binding gums (e.g., guar or carrageenan).
❓ How long does it really take to know if a food trial is working?
8 to 12 weeks is the gold standard—but the timeline varies by symptom type.
- Skin signs (itching, miliary dermatitis): ~6–8 weeks to fade as inflammation resolves
- Ear infections (otitis externa): 4–6 weeks for chronic cases
- Gastrointestinal signs (diarrhea, vomiting): ~3–14 days if diet-related
- Hair regrowth from alopecia: Up to 3 months depending on follicle cycle
🐾 Symptom Type | ⏳ Expected Resolution |
---|---|
Facial itching | 6–8 weeks |
Self-induced bald spots | 8–12 weeks |
Vomiting/Diarrhea | 1–2 weeks |
Eosinophilic plaques | 6–10 weeks |
💡 Expert Tip: Prematurely judging a diet can lead to false conclusions. Always allow full duration before deciding success or failure—unless new or worsening symptoms emerge.
❓ Can cats react to cross-proteins like turkey if allergic to chicken?
Yes—this is called cross-reactivity. Proteins from related species (especially within avian or bovine families) share homologous amino acid sequences. If a cat is sensitized to chicken, its immune system may “misidentify” turkey or duck as threats due to molecular similarity.
🐓 Primary Allergen | 🔁 Cross-Reactive Proteins | ❌ Avoid If Allergic |
---|---|---|
Chicken | Turkey, Duck, Quail | ✅ Yes |
Beef | Lamb, Bison, Goat | ⚠️ Possibly |
Fish (e.g. cod) | Salmon, Sardine, Tuna | ✅ Often cross-react |
💡 Expert Tip: Choose proteins outside the species family—like rabbit, kangaroo, or venison for poultry-allergic cats.
❓ Is homemade food safer for allergy cats than commercial diets?
Only when formulated with veterinary precision. Homemade diets allow absolute control over ingredients and eliminate cross-contamination risks—but without a complete nutrient profile, they risk serious deficiencies (e.g., taurine, vitamin A, calcium).
🍳 Diet Type | ✅ Customizable | ⚠️ Nutrient Risk |
---|---|---|
Commercial (Rx) | ❌ Fixed formula | ✅ Balanced |
OTC Limited | ❌ Often shared lines | ⚠️ Contamination |
Home-cooked (Vet-formulated) | ✅ Fully tailored | ⚠️ Requires strict supplementation |
💡 Expert Tip: Work with a board-certified veterinary nutritionist to build a complete elimination or maintenance diet if going homemade. Random recipes from blogs are not sufficient.
❓ Why does my cat suddenly reject a food that was working?
This behavior may stem from:
- Palate fatigue: Cats get bored of identical flavors after weeks or months.
- New allergen sensitization: Cats can develop new food allergies over time.
- Formula change: Brands often modify recipes without disclosure.
- Environmental association: If the cat felt nauseated or medicated while eating, aversion may follow.
🤔 Cause | 😼 Behavior Seen |
---|---|
Flavor boredom | Slow refusal, skipping meals |
New allergy | Recurrence of itch, vomiting |
Formula change | Sudden rejection, GI upset |
Negative memory | Sniffing then walking away |
💡 Expert Tip: Always save old labels, batch numbers, and note any ingredient shifts. Consider using palatable toppers like low-fat broth or unseasoned rabbit puree to reignite interest.
❓ Are probiotics useful for cats with food allergies?
Yes—but with nuance. While probiotics don’t “cure” food allergies, they can modulate gut flora, improve the intestinal barrier, and reduce systemic inflammation. This can help mitigate allergic responses or aid recovery after chronic diarrhea.
🦠 Strain | 💪 Benefit in Allergy Cats |
---|---|
Enterococcus faecium | Improves gut immunity, stool quality |
Bifidobacterium spp. | Supports mucosal barrier integrity |
Saccharomyces boulardii | Anti-inflammatory; aids IBD cats |
💡 Expert Tip: Choose a veterinary-grade probiotic with defined CFU counts and live storage requirements. Avoid sugar-filled human yogurts or supplements not designed for cats.
❓ My cat passed an elimination diet trial—but still scratches. What else could be going on?
Food allergies aren’t the only trigger for year-round itching. Cats may have overlapping conditions such as atopic dermatitis (environmental allergy), flea allergy dermatitis (FAD), or even neurogenic overgrooming from anxiety. Sometimes food hypersensitivity resolves, but another cause persists.
🚨 Persistent Itching | 🔎 Likely Co-Factors |
---|---|
Scratching despite diet success | Dust mites, mold, or seasonal pollen |
Flea control absent or irregular | Flea allergy likely—even one bite triggers months of itching |
Licking without rash | Stress-related psychogenic grooming |
Ears only affected | Possibly mites, yeast, or atopic reaction |
💡 Expert Tip: Use strict flea prevention, consider an air purifier for indoor allergens, and request a skin cytology from your vet to check for secondary infections—often the hidden itch perpetuator.
❓ Why do some cats vomit on hydrolyzed diets even though they’re supposed to be gentler?
Hydrolyzed diets are engineered for immune tolerance, not always for GI digestibility. Vomiting could stem from:
- Flavorings or textural elements (especially in wet formulations)
- Fiber mismatch — soluble vs. insoluble ratios affect gut motility
- Soy or corn base—which some cats poorly tolerate despite the protein being hydrolyzed
🤢 Vomiting Cause | 🔍 Description |
---|---|
Flavor rejection | Cat gulps or bolts food, regurgitates |
Fiber source | Cellulose, beet pulp, or gums may be problematic |
Base ingredient | Some cats react to hydrolyzed soy more than hydrolyzed chicken |
💡 Expert Tip: If vomiting begins after switching to a hydrolyzed diet, trial a formula with a different base protein or switch from dry to wet (or vice versa). Ask your vet about prokinetic support or adding pumpkin or psyllium to improve gut transit.
❓ How can I track food trial success objectively—not just by “seems better”?
Excellent question. Objective monitoring is what separates casual observation from clinical reliability. Here’s what to track:
📝 Monitoring Tool | 📌 What to Record |
---|---|
Symptom Diary | Date, intensity (1–10 scale) of scratching, licking, vomiting, stool quality |
Photo Timeline | Weekly pics of affected skin or bald patches to track healing |
Elimination Log | Confirm no treats, meds, flavored chews, etc., sneaked into diet |
Stool Score Sheet | Use a 1–7 chart (based on Purina Fecal Scoring) to quantify stool consistency |
💡 Expert Tip: Apps like “Pet Health Tracker” or a simple Google Sheets doc shared with your vet can centralize everything. Objective tracking can make or break a successful diagnosis.
❓ What treats can I safely give my cat on an elimination diet?
None—unless you make them yourself from the same protein source as the trial diet or get a vet-approved hypoallergenic version. Commercial treats—even labeled “limited ingredient”—are often processed on shared lines with allergens.
🍬 Treat Type | ✅ Safe If… | ⚠️ Avoid If… |
---|---|---|
Home-dehydrated meat | Matches trial protein, no spices | Use chicken/fish if those are allergens |
Royal Canin Hydrolyzed Treats | On hydrolyzed trial (e.g., HP or Ultamino) | Feeding novel protein trial |
Freeze-dried novel protein (e.g., rabbit) | Exact same protein as main food | “Mixed protein” treats or flavored dental chews |
💡 Expert Tip: Use pieces of the food itself (dry kibbles or small wet spoonfuls) as training treats. Your cat won’t know the difference—and you stay within protocol.
❓ Can I rotate between different allergy-friendly diets once I find one that works?
Not during the trial phase—but yes, with caution during maintenance. After confirming which protein is tolerated, some cats benefit from rotating within the same protein group to prevent flavor fatigue or nutrient monotony. But rotations must respect cross-contamination, protein source, and base ingredient integrity.
🔄 Rotation Strategy | ⚖️ Risk Level | 💡 Guideline |
---|---|---|
Different formulas, same protein (e.g., rabbit LID from two brands) | 🟨 Medium | Safe if both brands have clean manufacturing |
Switching between hydrolyzed and novel protein diets | 🟥 High | Avoid without vet guidance |
OTC to Rx shifts | 🟧 Medium | Only if confirmed non-reactive to plant components or starches |
💡 Expert Tip: Always trial new foods individually for 2–3 weeks before integrating fully. Document even subtle changes in stool, coat, or scratching.
❓ My vet ruled out food allergy—but my cat still reacts to every food. What now?
You may be dealing with non-allergic food sensitivity, IBD, or SIBO. Not all food reactions are immune-based. Some cats have:
- Low digestive enzyme output
- Bacterial imbalance (SIBO)—leading to bloating, loose stool, or vomiting
- Intestinal lymphangiectasia or pancreatitis, which mimic allergy signs
🤯 Possible Condition | 🔍 Key Clues |
---|---|
SIBO (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth) | Bad gas, soft stool, response to metronidazole |
IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | Chronic vomiting, thickened intestines on ultrasound |
Enzyme deficiency | Weight loss, undigested food in stool |
Lymphangiectasia | Low albumin on bloodwork, diarrhea |
💡 Expert Tip: Ask your vet about doing a GI panel (cobalamin, folate, trypsin-like immunoreactivity) or intestinal ultrasound. Sometimes it’s not the protein—but the gut itself that’s the problem.
❓ Why does my cat have diarrhea with every allergy-friendly food—even the hydrolyzed ones?
Persistent diarrhea despite switching to hydrolyzed or novel protein diets may point to a deeper gastrointestinal disorder coexisting with the food sensitivity, such as IBD, pancreatic insufficiency, colitis, or dysbiosis. The gut’s mucosal lining may already be inflamed, limiting nutrient absorption regardless of allergen exposure.
🔬 Underlying Condition | 💩 Common Signs | ⚠️ Key Considerations |
---|---|---|
IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | Mucousy or soft stool, weight loss, vomiting | Needs ultrasound, biopsy for confirmation |
EPI (Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency) | Greasy stool, ravenous appetite, muscle wasting | Test TLI + supplement with enzymes |
Dysbiosis (Imbalanced microbiome) | Smelly, loose stools, post-antibiotic onset | May respond to prebiotics or S. boulardii |
Colitis | Straining, blood in stool, urgency | Often triggered by food or stress |
💡 Expert Tip: Introduce soluble fibers (like psyllium or pumpkin) alongside a strict diet. Add probiotics such as Fortiflora or Visbiome Vet under guidance. Don’t delay diagnostics—chronic gut inflammation can create permanent nutrient malabsorption.
❓ How do I know if I’ve ruled out cross-reactive proteins correctly? My cat reacts to duck and turkey.
Cross-reactivity is an immunological phenomenon where the immune system recognizes proteins with structural similarity across different sources. In cats, poultry cross-reactions are particularly common due to conserved protein sequences.
🧬 Potential Cross-Reactions | 🐔 Cross-Reactive Family | 🐟 Notes |
---|---|---|
Chicken → Turkey, Duck, Goose | Poultry | High likelihood of shared epitopes |
Beef → Bison, Venison | Ruminants | Partial risk—varies case by case |
Fish → Salmon, Trout, Whitefish | Marine proteins | Moderate—more protein diversity exists here |
Rabbit → None known | Lagomorph | Rare cross-reactivity, safer novel protein |
Kangaroo → None common | Macropod | Immunologically distinct; good true novel option |
💡 Expert Tip: Avoid proteins from the same animal class or taxonomic family. If your cat reacts to chicken, trial a non-mammalian, non-avian option like rabbit or kangaroo—not just “less common” poultry.
❓ Can a food allergy cause neurological signs like twitching or seizures?
Rarely, but it’s not impossible. True IgE-mediated food allergies in cats are not typically neurotoxic. However, reactions to preservatives, additives, or contaminants (such as ethoxyquin, mold mycotoxins, or histamine buildup in improperly stored fish) can trigger neurologic signs—especially in sensitive individuals.
⚡️ Symptom | 🧪 Possible Trigger |
---|---|
Facial twitching | Preservatives (e.g., BHA, BHT) |
Seizure-like episodes | Mycotoxins (from grain or fish) |
Pupil dilation, tremors | Histamine toxicity (spoiled fish, aged proteins) |
Disorientation post-meal | Synthetic dyes, flavor enhancers |
💡 Expert Tip: If neurological signs consistently follow meals, switch to a clean-label diet free of chemical preservatives or artificial flavors. Request testing for liver function and ammonia levels, especially in older cats—subtle hepatic encephalopathy can mimic allergy-linked behavior.
❓ How much protein is too much in a cat with food sensitivities—but who is also a senior?
Aging cats need more—not less—protein, but it must be digestible and non-inflammatory. The challenge is to balance renal workload with muscle preservation, especially in a food-sensitive senior.
🐾 Age Group | 🔬 Protein Need (DMB) | ⚠️ What to Avoid |
---|---|---|
Adult cat | 28–35% | Low-quality byproducts |
Senior, no CKD | 35–45% | Excess bone, connective tissue |
Senior + early CKD | 28–35%, phosphorus-controlled | High ash, organ meats |
Allergic senior | Moderate, single-source protein | Hydrolyzed soy (if poorly tolerated) |
💡 Expert Tip: Look for diets that specify meat muscle as the first ingredient, and avoid ambiguous terms like “animal meal.” If CKD is confirmed, prioritize low-phosphorus diets over strict protein reduction—quality trumps quantity.
❓ Is hydrolyzed soy less allergenic than hydrolyzed chicken? Which one is “better”?
Neither is “better” universally—it depends entirely on your cat’s prior exposure and individual tolerance.
⚖️ Factor | 🐔 Hydrolyzed Chicken | 🌱 Hydrolyzed Soy |
---|---|---|
Palatability | Often higher | Mixed (cats dislike bean flavors) |
Allergenicity | Lower if cat is not chicken-allergic | Rarely sensitized, but some cats still react |
Cost | Moderate | Typically lower |
Fiber support | Minimal | Often higher due to soy base |
Processing | Shorter peptides | Similar, depending on brand |
💡 Expert Tip: If a cat has never reacted to soy in the past, hydrolyzed soy-based formulas like Royal Canin HP are often effective and affordable. For cats with a history of any plant-protein intolerance or GI sensitivity, hydrolyzed chicken (like z/d) may be gentler on the gut.
❓ Why does my cat’s stool become black on certain LID foods—should I panic?
Dark or black stools can be caused by:
- Natural pigment from food (e.g., rabbit, organ meats, or added iron)
- Activated charcoal additives
- Melena (digested blood), which is a medical emergency
💩 Color Change | 💡 Harmless or Not? | 🩺 What To Do |
---|---|---|
Dark brown to black on Instinct Rabbit | Often due to blood-rich meat | Confirm no vomiting, lethargy |
Black + tarry + foul smell | 🚨 Melena likely | Immediate vet exam |
Black + firm + cat is fine | Benign food effect | Monitor & document |
Change coincides with switch | Strong correlation to diet | Contact manufacturer for ingredient list |
💡 Expert Tip: If unsure, ask your vet for a fecal occult blood test or fecal cytology to distinguish melena from harmless pigmentation. Keep packaging and ingredient panels—some diets contain iron sulfate or beet juice that naturally darken stool.